The ADISCTRL file needs to be in the working directory for the application.
By default the working directory is the output folder of the project which is the folder containing the .EXE, .OBJ and .IDY file.
If you specify a different working directory in the properties of the run configuration then it would need to reside in the specified folder.
The alternative is to replace the default version of ADISCTRL with the modified version by copying it to the C:\program files (x86)\micro focus\visual cobol\etc folder.
It will then be found regardless of where the working directory is.
I tested this here using the following test program and it worked fine as long as the modified ADISCTRL was in the project output folder or in the etc folder.
program-id. testad as "testad".
environment division.
configuration section.
special-names.
console is crt
crt status is crt-status.
data division.
working-storage section.
01 crt-status.
05 crt-status-1 pic 9.
88 terminate-key value 0.
88 function-key value 1.
88 adis-key value 2.
88 status-1-error value 9.
05 crt-status-2 pic 99 comp-x.
88 esc-key value 0.
88 f1-key value 1.
88 enter-key value 1.
88 fun-key-num-user values 0 thru 127.
88 fun-key-num-system values 0 thru 26.
05 crt-status-3 pic 99 comp-x.
88 raw-key-code values 0 thru 255.
01 any-key pic x.
procedure division.
accept any-key at 0101
on exception
display "code = " crt-status-2
not on exception
display "no key"
end-accept
accept any-key
goback.
end program testad.